Ryan Malloy
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293 lines
9.1 KiB
Text
293 lines
9.1 KiB
Text
---
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title: Tuning Tool
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description: DVB-S tuning, signal monitoring, LNB control, DiSEqC switching, and transport stream capture.
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---
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import { Tabs, TabItem, Steps, Aside, Badge } from '@astrojs/starlight/components';
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`tune.py` is the primary user-facing tool for operating the SkyWalker-1 as a satellite receiver. It handles the complete signal chain: powering the demodulator, configuring LNB voltage and tone, sending DiSEqC switch commands, tuning to a transponder, monitoring signal quality, and capturing MPEG-2 transport stream data.
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```bash
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pip install pyusb
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```
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## Subcommands
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| Subcommand | Purpose |
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|------------|---------|
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| `status` | Show device config, firmware version, and signal info |
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| `tune` | Tune to a transponder frequency |
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| `stream` | Capture MPEG-2 transport stream data |
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| `diseqc` | Send DiSEqC switch commands |
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| `lnb` | Control LNB voltage and 22 kHz tone |
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Running with no subcommand defaults to `status`.
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## Global Options
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| Flag | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `-v, --verbose` | Show raw USB control transfer traffic |
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| `--json` | Output machine-readable JSON (where supported) |
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---
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## status -- Device Information
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Displays the current device state: firmware version, configuration status flags, signal lock, and SNR.
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```bash
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py status
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```
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```
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Genpix SkyWalker-1 Status
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==================================================
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USB: Bus 1 Addr 12 (VID 0x09C0, PID 0x0203)
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FW: 2.06.4 (built 2007-07-13)
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Config: 0x07
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[ ON] 8PSK Started
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[ ON] BCM4500 FW Loaded
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[ ON] LNB Power On
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[off] DVB Mode
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[off] 22 kHz Tone
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[off] 18V Selected
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[off] DC Tuned
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[off] Armed (streaming)
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Signal Lock: LOCKED
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SNR: 8.2 dB (raw 0x0823)
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Quality: [################------------------------] 42.3%
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```
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Use `--json` for programmatic access to all fields.
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---
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## tune -- Transponder Tuning
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The 8-step tuning sequence: check status, boot demodulator, enable LNB power, set voltage (polarization), set extra voltage, set 22 kHz tone (band), send TUNE_8PSK command, wait for signal lock.
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### Required Arguments
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| Argument | Description |
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|----------|-------------|
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| `FREQ` | Transponder downlink frequency in MHz (e.g., `12520`) |
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| `SR` | Symbol rate in ksps (e.g., `27500`) |
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### Options
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| Flag | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `--pol H/V/L/R` | Polarization: H (horizontal/18V), V (vertical/13V), L (left circular/18V), R (right circular/13V) |
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| `--band low/high` | LNB band: low (tone off, 9750 MHz LO) or high (tone on, 10600 MHz LO) |
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| `--lnb-lo MHZ` | Override LNB local oscillator frequency (default: 9750 low, 10600 high) |
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| `--mod TYPE` | Modulation type (default: `qpsk`) |
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| `--fec RATE` | FEC rate (default: `auto`) |
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| `--timeout SECONDS` | Signal lock timeout (default: `10`) |
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| `--extra-volt` | Enable +1V LNB voltage boost for long cables |
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| `--json` | Output JSON result |
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### Modulation Types
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| Name | Description | FEC Group |
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|------|-------------|-----------|
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| `qpsk` | DVB-S QPSK | dvbs |
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| `turbo-qpsk` | Turbo-coded QPSK | turbo |
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| `turbo-8psk` | Turbo-coded 8PSK | turbo |
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| `turbo-16qam` | Turbo-coded 16QAM | turbo-16qam |
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| `dcii-combo` | Digicipher II Combo | dcii |
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| `dcii-i` | Digicipher II I-stream | dcii |
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| `dcii-q` | Digicipher II Q-stream | dcii |
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| `dcii-oqpsk` | Digicipher II Offset QPSK | dcii |
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| `dss` | DSS QPSK | dvbs |
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| `bpsk` | DVB BPSK | dvbs |
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### FEC Rates by Group
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| Group | Available Rates |
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|-------|----------------|
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| **dvbs** | `1/2`, `2/3`, `3/4`, `5/6`, `7/8`, `auto`, `none` |
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| **turbo** | `1/2`, `2/3`, `3/4`, `5/6`, `auto` |
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| **turbo-16qam** | `3/4`, `auto` |
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| **dcii** | `1/2`, `2/3`, `6/7`, `3/4`, `5/11`, `1/2+`, `2/3+`, `6/7+`, `3/4+`, `auto` |
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<Tabs>
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<TabItem label="DVB-S">
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```bash title="Standard DVB-S QPSK, Ku-band high"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 12520 27500 --pol H --band high
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```
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```bash title="DVB-S with explicit FEC"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 11836 27500 --pol V --band low --fec 3/4
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```
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```bash title="C-band with custom LNB LO"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 3960 26667 --pol V --lnb-lo 5150
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Turbo">
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```bash title="Turbo 8PSK"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 12224 20000 --pol V --band high --mod turbo-8psk --fec 2/3
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```
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```bash title="Turbo QPSK with auto FEC"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 12090 20000 --pol H --band high --mod turbo-qpsk
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="DCII">
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```bash title="Digicipher II Combo"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 12224 20000 --pol V --band high --mod dcii-combo --fec auto
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```
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```bash title="DCII Split I-stream"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py tune 12224 20000 --pol V --band high --mod dcii-i --fec 6/7
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Tuning Output
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```
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Tuning SkyWalker-1
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==================================================
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Downlink: 12520 MHz
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LNB LO: 10600 MHz
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IF Frequency: 1920.0 MHz (1920000 kHz)
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Symbol Rate: 27500 ksps (27500000 sps)
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Modulation: DVB-S QPSK (index 0)
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FEC: auto (index 5)
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Polarization: Horizontal (18V)
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Band: high (22kHz on)
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[1/8] Config status: 0x07
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[2/8] Demodulator already running
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[3/8] LNB power already on
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[4/8] Setting LNB voltage: 18V
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[5/8] Extra voltage: off
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[6/8] 22 kHz tone: ON
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[7/8] Sending TUNE_8PSK...
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[8/8] Waiting for signal lock (timeout 10s)...
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...
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LOCKED
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SNR: 8.2 dB (raw 0x0823)
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Quality: [################------------------------] 42.3%
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```
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<Aside type="tip">
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The IF frequency is computed as `downlink - LNB_LO`. It must fall within 950--2150 MHz or the tool will warn. If you see negative IF values, your LNB LO is set higher than the downlink frequency -- check your LNB type.
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</Aside>
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---
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## stream -- Transport Stream Capture
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Captures MPEG-2 transport stream data from EP2 bulk endpoint after the device is tuned and locked. Requires a prior successful `tune` command (signal must be locked).
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```bash title="Capture to file for 60 seconds"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py stream -o capture.ts --duration 60
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```
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```bash title="Pipe directly to VLC"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py stream --stdout | vlc -
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```
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```bash title="Pipe to ffmpeg for recording"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py stream --stdout | ffmpeg -i pipe: -c copy output.mp4
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```
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| Flag | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `-o, --output FILE` | Write TS data to file |
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| `--stdout` | Write TS data to stdout (for piping) |
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| `--duration SECONDS` | Capture duration (default: until Ctrl-C) |
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The stream status is written to stderr when using `--stdout`, so it does not contaminate the TS data pipe.
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<Aside type="tip">
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Capture a short sample and analyze it with [ts_analyze.py](/tools/ts-analyzer/) to verify PIDs, check for continuity errors, and identify the programs in the transport stream.
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</Aside>
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---
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## diseqc -- Switch Commands
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Send DiSEqC 1.0 port selection, mini-DiSEqC tone bursts, or raw DiSEqC messages.
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```bash title="Select DiSEqC 1.0 port 1"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py diseqc --port 1
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```
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```bash title="Send tone burst A"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py diseqc --tone-burst A
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```
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```bash title="Send raw DiSEqC message"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py diseqc --raw E0 10 38 F0
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```
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| Flag | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `--port 1-4` | DiSEqC 1.0 committed switch port |
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| `--tone-burst A/B` | Mini-DiSEqC tone burst |
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| `--raw HH HH ...` | Raw DiSEqC bytes in hex (3--6 bytes) |
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For details on the DiSEqC signaling implementation, see [DiSEqC Protocol](/lnb-diseqc/diseqc-protocol/).
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---
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## lnb -- LNB Control
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Direct control of LNB voltage, 22 kHz tone, and power supply. Running with no flags shows the current LNB state.
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```bash title="Show LNB status"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py lnb
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```
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```bash title="Set voltage and tone"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py lnb --voltage 18 --tone on
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```
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```bash title="Power cycle the LNB"
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py lnb --power off
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sudo python3 tools/tune.py lnb --power on
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```
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| Flag | Description |
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|------|-------------|
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| `--voltage 13/18` | LNB voltage (13V = vertical, 18V = horizontal) |
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| `--tone on/off` | 22 kHz tone (on = high band, off = low band) |
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| `--extra-volt` | Enable +1V boost (13V becomes 14V, 18V becomes 19V) |
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| `--power on/off` | LNB power supply on/off |
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<Aside type="caution">
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The LNB can supply up to 750 mA non-continuous, but sustained loads should stay below 450 mA to avoid overheating the on-board regulator. Use `--extra-volt` only when needed for long cable runs.
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</Aside>
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---
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## Signal Quality Metrics
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| Metric | Source | Description |
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|--------|--------|-------------|
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| **SNR** | `GET_SIGNAL_STRENGTH` (0x87) | Signal-to-noise ratio in dB, read as 16-bit value (dBu * 256 units) |
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| **Lock** | `GET_SIGNAL_LOCK` (0x90) | BCM4500 register 0xA4, bit 5 indicates signal lock |
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| **Quality %** | Computed | SNR scaled: `snr_raw * 17` maps to 0--100%, saturating at SNR >= `0x0F00` |
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For details on the signal monitoring protocol, see [Signal Monitoring](/bcm4500/signal-monitoring/).
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## See Also
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- [Tuning Protocol](/bcm4500/tuning-protocol/) -- firmware-level TUNE_8PSK command format
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- [LNB Control](/lnb-diseqc/lnb-control/) -- hardware-level voltage and tone control
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- [TS Analyzer](/tools/ts-analyzer/) -- analyze captured transport streams
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- [Vendor Commands](/usb/vendor-commands/) -- complete USB command reference
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